Explore the “five factors” of influencing the urban LED lighting design

Today, the rapid development of urbanization , and promote the construction of urban lighting up constantly changing . As a generalization of the city’s lighting to meet people from the travel and transport needs , and gradually rises to how to reflect the cultural characteristics of the city , from the progressive development to meet the functional lighting green lighting . As an urban lighting designers , whether it is the overall planning of urban lighting design , lighting or regional planning , or the design of a Street, Lane , must first consider the city’s master plan and the natural environment , cultural characteristics, level of economic development and other factors , the only way the city can meet LED Street lighting, but also fully embodies the character of urban lighting , urban lighting to avoid the phenomenon of thousands of city side to reach the desired effect of urban lighting . Therefore, the factors affecting urban lighting design is the construction of urban lighting around the past and must face the problem . In this paper, several factors affecting urban lighting design made ​​little discussed.

First, the natural environment

The natural environment is an extremely complex and rich natural complex, there are many areas have not been recognized , or was not enough understanding of the deep, is remain to be discovered , to explore. Discussed in this natural environment , with emphasis on the biosphere is directly related to the natural environment , which is directly related to nature and landscape lighting environment . Factor in accordance with the nature and the environment and human adaptation , natural environment, can be divided into the physical environment , chemical environment , biological and social environment and so on.

1, the physical environment

Constitute the physical environment factors including temperature , air flow , pressure, sound, light , radiation , etc. These factors in the natural state, would be to direct stimulation , people will get a feel for the appropriate and make behavior reflects . In these factors, and landscape lighting design is the direct contact with the “light .” Light is a language that can express the design concept of lighting designers and artistic pursuit ; just a hidden software that controls the function of the city and building operation and interpretation of image and color ; light is ” building a fourth dimensional space . ” Therefore, during the lighting design landscape lighting designer , you should take the initiative to understand the light , understand light , the use of light, and actively participate in the design of light environment , the light into their planning and creations for the city and buildings by ” Light” Tim “color .”

2, the chemical environment

Chemical composition of the environment factors , and various gases including air , water, dust, chemical substances. Air oxidation of the lamps , the lamps water corrosion , dust on the light so will hinder landscape design affect the final result . So landscape lighting designers in the selection of lamps, require their waterproof, dust level reaches a certain standard , commonly referred to IP protection.

3, the biological environment

Biological environment from animals , plants, microorganisms consisting of, as a biological human nature are included. For a building need to be landscape lighting design , taking into account the local flora and fauna species, growing conditions and the distribution of current and future developments and changes in the law . The lighting design of the building itself is also necessary for the surrounding flowers, trees , rest facilities aided design , thus forming a complete whole landscape lighting .

4 , the social environment

Interpersonal social environment refers to the center of the human environment , it covers a very broad , landscape lighting design also has a certain impact.

Second, the human environment factors

Human environment is unique to a human society is very comprehensive integrated environment, including politics, culture , art, science , religion, aesthetics and so on. Perfect human environment will be that natural is to protect and improve the natural environment . Environment is a reflection of cultural heritage , and culture also slowly affect the environment. For a city, a fixed environment should include roads , buildings, parks, lighting, lawn and so on. But when people into them when people view very well, there is a liquidity. Exchange of people and the environment , cultural environment can be taken away , while the concept of environment on people will have an impact . This is what we often referred to moving in a static , static in action , movement Aioi relationship .

Human environment is the most important factor affecting LED Street lighting design one . Lighting designers made ​​design , in fact, is to create an atmosphere An almost certain culture, which is an objective reality, could you invisible, but you can feel from , and also deduce your feelings affect your mood . Too many modern cities roads, buildings and landscape lighting, as a whole always felt somewhat stiff, in fact, because too much emphasis on technical lighting , ignoring the state of culture , people feel something in the passive acceptance . The focus should be natural lighting and harmony, so the designer during the design , should be taken into account to roads, buildings and landscape layout , line, color , proportion, scale , texture , light, rhythm and rhyme , so that the viewer actively to find, mining, experience, pondering them taste. Designer ‘s role is to create a comfortable environment, lighting and atmosphere , to bring people to the wonderful aspects to guide , to let people take the initiative to pursue a better , give people a comfortable and relaxing mood.

Aspects of the human environment bad light pollution, visual pollution, color contamination , mental pollution. Lighting lighting settings from an existing point of view, mainly in the following four areas:

( 1 ) of the illuminated areas and objects used in light color, surface illuminance and the illuminated area and the function of the object , nature and the environment, lack of coordination, to make people feel uncomfortable ;

( 2 ) regardless of the occasion a large area floodlight lighting a manner , resulting in the illuminated object is not level and three-dimensional sense , also causing light pollution, seriously interfere with people’s normal life ;

( 3 ) use a lot of tall buildings high power flood light , the direction of the projection , the projection angle and other factors , about one-third to one-half of the light toward the sky , the formation of the light beam, so that over the city by light pollution , seriously affecting the astronomical observations and landing ;

( 4 ) Set in gardens , green spaces , roads, sculptures and some of the surrounding landscape lighting for pedestrians, vehicles and in the region for recreation tourist sight interference glare , not only destroyed the rest of the environment and endanger road safety.

Along with social progress , the standardization of management , I believe that they will be cured , and we have the responsibility to promote social , environmental impact state , protect the environment, to protect themselves.

Third, the construction or investor factors

In urban lighting field, the diversification of investors to make lighting designers will face many of the owners , the owners decided that the market economy from their economic units must interests, lighting design project for the implementation of a different attitude : a profit- lighting owners , because the implementation of lighting can bring opportunities to improve economic efficiency , so the enthusiasm is high, but there is another than the brightness, compete against the phenomenon of blind increase lighting. This will not only increase investment, but also destabilize the region and the overall artistic effect. Owners of non-operating lighting , lighting has only been implemented due to economic investment and no benefit in return , so the enthusiasm is not high or minimize inputs , also affected the region ‘s overall results. Meanwhile, the various owners of the illumination light to understand the depth and personal way of thinking , consciousness , hobbies, aesthetic differences , forming a colorful lighting effects, such as governmental office buildings actually use green lighting, people feel eerie , rather than the government building serious, solemn . In fact, for different lighting objects should choose a different color of light . Color and is closely related to people’s emotions , such as blue makes people feel calm and satisfied, yellow gives a sense of splendor and excitement , red people eager to win, rejuvenated , red and green woven feel strong, reliable, perseverance, light blue can cause a sense of security and self-esteem , red, orange , yellow and other warm colors make people excited , the atmosphere is warm and so on ; under normal circumstances lighting should be used with caution in green, blue , purple and so cool , very easy to use improper people feel gloomy cold .

Fourth, the lighting equipment technical level factors

Since reform and opening , China’s lighting technology from the light source , lighting fixtures to lighting design have undergone great changes. Than a single incandescent light from the light source and the straight tube fluorescent lamps, halogen development , fluorescent high pressure mercury lamp , high pressure sodium , metal halide lamps , compact fluorescent lamps , lamp , LED lights and so on.
In lighting devices , lighting development is relatively slow in a long time , the important role of lighting is often ignored by people . Nearly 20 years, with the rapid development of new sources and new lighting has been the emergence of these new lamps have the following common characteristics:

( 1 ) As the need for new sources , supporting the development of the lamps, such as high pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamp fixtures .

( 2 ) manufacturing light material and processing a qualitative leap . Reflective surfaces such as the use of high-quality surface coating made ​​of high purity aluminum lamp advanced processing technology , the reflectivity of the surface can be up to 88-92% ; lamp diffuser cover the use of a prism lens -shaped plastic plates , white anti-static materials such as acrylic resin plate , transmission ratio, dustproof and anti-aging properties.

( 3 ) reasonable lighting design and advanced design tools , the use of premises for the state space , environmental conditions and requirements, determine the type of lamp light , the use of computer-aided design to determine the shape of the reflecting surface , reached a very high luminaire efficiency .

( 4 ) After the authority of Quality Supervision and Testing Center lamps , lighting the lamp performance standard, draw a line with the actual lighting calculation parameters, including light distribution curve , using the coefficient table , etc., used for lighting design .

Since the 1950s, the emergence of new sources , mostly using inductive ballasts. Ballast stable, good quality , low price, the more popular . But there are also a lot of their own disadvantages:

( A ) own large power loss ;

( 2 ) prone to noise ;

( 3 ) severe detrimental effects stroboscopic vision ;

( 4 ) Copper and silicon material loss big , heavy ;

( 5 ) long-term use , it is possible due to the temperature rise too high and cause a fire ;

Developed in advanced countries , driven by high-frequency electronic ballast , after 10 years of efforts , China’s electronic ballasts reached the international advanced level . It has many advantages over magnetic ballasts :

( A ) energy saving, in the case of the same lumen output , can save 20-25% ;

( 2 ) tubes of 20 to 50kHz frequency operation , eliminating the stroboscopic effect , light stability, protection of eyesight , reduce visual fatigue beneficial ;

( 3 ) eliminate the noise ;

( 4 ) reduces the supply voltage offset and the impact of fluctuations on the flux ;

( 5) The fluorescent lamp dimming can be achieved .

With the development of urban lighting , high-tech and high-tech lighting equipment began to be promoted in urban lighting engineering applications , such as laser lighting, computer searchlight , sky light ball , fiber optic lighting systems , LED Street lighting , electrodeless fluorescent lamps , etc., in the city lighting engineering has been applied , not only received a general illumination lighting effects methods are difficult to achieve , but also urban lighting technology has improved significantly .

In summary , with the city lighting technology continues to improve , the lighting designer lighting design choice greatly increased , with emerging high-tech , urban lighting design will play a finishing touch effect.

Five , feasibility factors

The design of each project has its certain regularity , contrary to the law of development of things that will take many detours or reach more satisfactory results . For lighting lighting design is also true that it is the combination of light and art , the original structure is light and landscape elements ingenious arrangements, including rational perspective and emotional point of view. Feasibility factors include investors, lighting designers ideas and intentions and on-site environmental dimensions .

Lighting lighting design in a way different from other design, greatly influenced by the investment to meet the functional requirements is essential. How to meet the functional requirements of the premise to make the night more beautiful landscape lighting , they are subject to the impact of the scale of investment , and with the continuous development of high-tech in recent years , investment in the light of the practical application of lighting is even more important .

Lighting designers should fully understand the lighting properties of the object , function , environment, viewpoint , shape features , style, and , in particular, to understand the lighting designer’s creativity , design intent , the content to be shown , lighting design related drawings. For different attribute object , lighting designers how to light , lights , colors , what purpose , what effect the performance , then very different . Positioning of lighting lighting environment , namely spatial relationships , in determining the brightness and environmental standards must be coordinated , to light was just right, not the more light the better , to overcome the psychological mutual competition , avoiding only emphasized the lighting objects , without regard to the surrounding light environment .

Positioning a viewpoint , it is possible to see in the illumination light of a number of viewpoints ( far and near , high and low , around four directions ) , based on the setting of the main view and the best view , and thereby departing the overall idea illumination lighting effects and specific programs. Many cities have their own unique lighting patterns and become the city’s landmark buildings, they are highly recognizable deeply remain in people’s memory. As a lighting designer , in shaping its light , no matter what method of lighting , must be respected and the basis of its unique shape, not only with light language description of its existence , and in the night the same established in people’s minds during the day since it enjoys iconic status : If improper lighting , lighting objects inherently distorted form , will be evaluated as ” big mistake .”

Meanwhile, the lighting landscape lighting to reflect the style of no style would be no personality , let alone taste. Some lighting has a strong national style , while others are very modern , and some showed modern style , while others are very local characteristics , and these styles tend to look at the lighting on the morphology and the full performance through a variety of design techniques out ; different styles of lighting objects , methods, and techniques to take lighting are not the same .

Site environment , including lighting brightness of the background object , the local landscape lighting situation , the local people of color preferences and customs and affection or power supply and so on.

Of course, the impact of urban LED Street lighting design there are many factors , such as economic development level, cultural ideas , etc., as long as possible before lighting design in the city will fully consider a variety of factors , will give urban lighting design program developed to provide true and reliable basis , and ultimately achieve the desired effect of urban lighting .

 More info you can visit:http://www.lighting-ledlight.com